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across species delineations, accelerate the adaptation of microbial communities to dynamic environments, and can be triggered or promoted in response to stressful conditions. For example, HGT is
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NIST only participates in the February and August reviews. A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of a dilute gas is a unique quantum system with many atoms occupying the same quantum state of both
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parallel, low-cost analysis systems that do not rely on optical or aptamer-based labels. Before such systems can be realized, the electromagnetic response of biochemical samples must be understood in detail
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physics, such as transduction efficiency, nonlinear and coupled mode dynamics, and energy dissipation mechanisms. key words MEMS; NEMS; Microelectromechanical systems; Nanoelectromechanical systems
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to create cold atomic gases, like deceleration of atomic beams, atom trapping, sub-Doppler cooling, optical lattices, etc. Today we use cold atomic gases, often quantum degenerate systems, to study a variety
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of external stimuli, such as light, electric/magnetic field, temperature, shearing force, or pH values. Compared with the widely studied structure and dynamics of these systems at equilibrium conditions, the
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to predict materials properties is essential to improve materials design methods. This research will focus on the development and integration of first principle calculations; atomistic simulations; and/or
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energy scale for dynamic impact (Charpy) testing, which is critical to ensuring performance of structural steels. Please visit our websites at https://www.nist.gov/mml/acmd/fatigue-and-fracture-group and
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of proteins or oligonucleotides exhibiting conformational flexibility is a major challenge for any experimental biophysical technique owing to a large number of degrees of freedom necessary, compared
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. Molecular simulations (molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo) are used to elucidate the important interactions between solute, sorbent, and solvent and as a design tool towards the development of other novel