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of water vapour, clouds and trace species. The lack of direct wind measurements is now recognised as a key limitation in advancing Mars Global Climate Models and in interpreting the planet's past climatic
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interstellar gas clouds. Despite intense efforts since the discovery of the DIBs by Annie Jump Cannon (1919) and Mary Lea Heger (1922), most of these bands remain unidentified, although it is generally accepted
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of external conditions. Recent work has demonstrated the strong potential of combining Internet of Things (IoT) devices with artificial intelligence in the cloud, but to date no solution has proposed embedding
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, namely horizontal advection, thermal stratification, vertical mixing, entrainment, cloud effects, and boundary layer heights. These indicators help to describe local cooling and warming in the context